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Appendix C: References
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  2. Woods GM, Kim DW, Paden ML, Viamonte HK. Thrombolysis in children: A case report and review of the literature. Front Pediatr. 2022;9:814033.
  3. Ansah DA, Patel KN, Montegna L, et al. Tissue plasminogen activator use in children: Bleeding complications and thrombus resolution. J Pediatr. 2015.
  4. Green LA, Goldenberg NA. Deep vein thrombosis: Thrombolysis in the pediatric population. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2012;29(1):36–43.
  5. Manco-Johnson MJ, Grabowski EF, Hellgreen M, et al. Recommendations for tPA thrombolysis in children. Thromb Haemost. 2002;88:157–158.
  6. McDonald KH, Mayo DJ, Cannon RO, et al. Intraclot recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of deep venous thrombosis. Am J Med. 2000;108:251–255.
  7. Monagle P, Chan AKC, Goldenberg NA, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children (ACCP 9th ed). Chest. 2012;141:e737S–e801S.
  8. Raffini L. Thrombolysis for intravascular thrombosis in neonates and children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009;21:9–14.
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  10. Newall F, Browne M, Savoia H, et al. Systemic tPA for venous and arterial thrombosis in pediatrics. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007;20:269–273.
  11. Cannizzaro V, Berger F, Kretschmar O, et al. Catheter-directed low-dose tPA in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2005;27:688–691.
  12. Castaneda F, Ruizong L, Young K, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with reteplase. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13:577–580.
  13. Comerota AJ, Throm RC, Mathias SD, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis improves QOL. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:130–137.
  14. Elsharawy M, Elzayat E. Thrombolysis vs anticoagulation in iliofemoral DVT. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2002;24:209–214.
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  17. Eliquis® (apixaban) prescribing information. Pfizer/BMS; 2021.
  18. Andexxa® prescribing information. Portola Pharmaceuticals; 2023.
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  23. Argatroban. Micromedex Solutions.
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  27. Argatroban. Lexi‑Drugs AHFS.
  28. Alsoufi B, Boshkov LK, Kirby A, et al. HIT in pediatric cardiac surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr. 2004;7:155–171.
  29. Boshkov LK, Kirby A, Shen I, et al. HIT management in pediatric CPB. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:S2355–2359.
  30. Ghbeis MB, Vander Pluym CJ, Thiagarajan RR. Hemostatic challenges in VADs. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:625632.
  31. Bates A, Buchholz H, Freed D, et al. Bivalirudin in VAD patients. ASAIO J. 2020;66:677–682.
  32. Goswami D, DiGiusto M, Wadia R, et al. Bivalirudin in pediatric cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34:2215–2223.
  33. Buck ML. Bivalirudin as an alternative to heparin in children. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2015;20:408–417.
  34. Campbell C, Diaz L, Kelly B. Bivalirudin in mechanical support. Ann Pharmacother. 2020.
  35. Hamzah M, Jarden A, Ezetendu C, et al. Bivalirudin in pediatric ECMO. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020.
  36. Nagle EL, Dager WE, Duby JJ, et al. Bivalirudin during ECLS. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14:e182–188.
  37. O’Brien SH, Yee DL, Goldenberg NA, et al. UNBLOCK trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13:1615–1622.
  38. Rayapudi S, Torres A Jr, Deshpande GG, et al. Bivalirudin for anticoagulation in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;51:798–801.
  39. Xarelto® (rivaroxaban) prescribing information. Janssen; 2023.
  40. Kubitza D, Willmann S, Becka M, et al. Rivaroxaban PK/PD in children. Thromb J. 2018;16:31.
  41. Male C, Lensing AWA, Palumbo JS, et al. EINSTEIN‑Jr phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7:e18–e27.
  42. Pradaxa® (dabigatran) prescribing information. Boehringer Ingelheim; 2021.
  43. Halton J, Brandão LR, Luciani M, et al. DIVERSITY trial. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8:e22–e33.
  44. Pollack CV Jr, Reilly PA, van Ryn J, et al. Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:431–441.
  45. Lovenox® prescribing information. Sanofi; 2022.
  46. Moffett BS, Lee‑Kim Y, Galati M, et al. Enoxaparin PK in pediatrics. Ann Pharmacother. 2018;52:140–146.
  47. Heparin sodium injection prescribing information. Baxter; 2022.
  48. Ignjatovic V, et al. Therapeutic UFH ranges in children. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:2280–2282.
  49. Coumadin® (warfarin) prescribing information. FDA; 2011.
  50. SickKids Handbook for Pediatric Thrombosis and Haemostasis.